The Gathas and the Younger Avesta: The Continuum
This article is reposted to remove the faulty premise that "the Gathas are the only scriptures of Zoroastrianism and later Avesta are concocted by the priests and should be discarded." This is promoted adnauseam by cultic followers of an islamized-zoroastrian belief known as 'jaffreyism', with churning out their faked translation of the Gathas and manipulation of the Young Avestan text.
Pallan
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The Gathas, together with vast Avestan literature suffered two major catastrophes, It happened when the last achemenid emperor Darius was defeated and the accursed Alexander burnt the Zoroastrian scriptures and again in 650 CE, the restored scriptures were destroyed by invading Arabs. The extant Gathas that we have inherited, are the fragmented and truncated parts of the original extensive ones. The original corpus had exegesis written in prose after each poetic verse. This can be seen in the statement from Yasna 57.6 where the Sraosha Yazata is alluded as the first to recite five Gathas of Zarathushtra in prose and poetry with exegesis. The extant Gathas have verses which are so abrupt from each other and lack smooth flow of the thoughts and ideas from one verse to another, and are not like RgVedic verses which are systematically connected to one another in an orderly fashion. But one must note that each verse of the Gathas is complete in itself.
Of special interest is the lost teachings of Zarathushtra from the Gathas which are fortunately preserved in the Later Avesta. Numerous examples can be sighted (see my previous postings). I have previously pointed out that sequential mentioning of the Good Thoughts, Good Words and Good Deeds, the bedrock of Zarthushtra's teachings is missing from the Gathas but can be seen for the first time in the Yasna Haptanghaiti, the prose text in the gathic language now generally taken as the composition of the prophet himself and where Ahura Mazda is addressed as the blessed, abundant YAZATA (Y41.3), and worshipped. The Avestan word for worship is "YAZAMAIDE" (Y37.1). These two words 'Yazata' and 'Yazamaide' not only occur in Old Avestan Yasna Haptanghaiti but in every paragraphs of the extant Young Avestan scriptures.
Another important example that can be sighted is the absence of the idea of body resurrection in the Gathas which is so fundamental to Zoroastrianism and must have been the integral part of the Zarathushtra's teachings. This teaching is lost in the Gathas but preserved in Zamyad Yasht, paragraph 19 (Yasht 19 of the younger Avesta) (see Humbach-Ichaporia, Zamyad Yasht, Text, Translation and Commentary, Harrassowitz, 1998) and in Vendidad 18,51 (Cf. Albert de Jong, Traditions of the Magi, 1997).
In order to emphasize the above fact, let us begin by giving the thoughts from the Gatha Ahunavaiti which are alluded and expanded in the later Avesta. This article will amply show that ideas in the Younger Avesta flow from the Gathas, disproving many erroneous notions floated to perspicaciously undermine non-gathic scriptures by some in propagating that Zoroastrianism is found only in the Gathas, and rest of Avesta has historical value only, and should be discarded.
Another faulty idea we often come across, is that the religion of Zarathushtra has no need for rituals and priests. If all these wrong premises are accepted, then we will witness unimmaginable destructive results which will exceed the devastation brought by invading Arab in 650 CE. Zoroastrians and particularly our children who fall for such reformistic teachings will put themselves at the great risk and will hasten the end of their religion, their traditions and their rituals which have survived three millennia.
Let us examine the Gathic ideas and lost Gathic teachings found in the Younger Avesta - All the citations are from Ahunavaiti Gatha.
Ahnavaiti Gatha Y28.9: 'yoi ve yoithema daseme stutam'
We who are standing at offering of praises to you (Ahura Mazda)
The above is expanded in non-gathic Yasna 11.9: 'We are standing and offering one, two, three, four, five six, seven, eight, nine times praises to you (Ahura Mazda)'
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y28.11: "O Mazda Ahura, teach me with your mouth, in accordance with your spirit, how ... the first existence came into being?"
Question: How this first existence came into being?
Answer: Answer is not found in the Gathas. No explanation given anywhere in the Gathas. Answer and explanation are lost (one can find both in Hormazd Yasht 1.26).
Answer: From Hormazd Yasht, pargraph 26 (Yasht 1,26):
'Through my (i.e. Ahura Mazda) wisdom and intelligence the first existence came into being"
One can refer to Ahunavaiti Gatha Ha 30.4 to complete the understanding of the end of such existence:
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y30.4: "... and in this manner the existence will be in the end"
Question: How-(in this manner)?
Answer: The answer comes from above citation in Hormazd Yasht i.e. through Ahura Mazda's wisdom and intelligence the existence will end
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y28.4 "For as long as I can and able I shall look out in search for truth"
Same is reflected in Frang i Om, 4: "I must search for truth as long as I am able"
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y30.10 "For then destruction will come down upon deceit through its elimination"
Further explained in the Westergard Avestan Fragments (name Westergard is attached because he descovered these fargments): 'The destruction and deceit both will be eliminated'.
Ahunavaiti Gatha Yasna 30.11 'O you mortals, when you observe the rules that Mazda has established for good behavior and about where not to go, and when you consider the long-lasting harm which is (in store) for the deceitful, and also the benefits for the truthful, then (you will realize) by those (rules) the things desired will be there'
Question: Which are these rules?
Answer: Answers not found in the Gathas but is preserved in Vispered 13.1
Answer: (From Vispered 13.1) "These rules are: The reverence for the Manthras (Holy Words), Amesha Spentas and the sayings of Zarathushtra, and these (rules) are for the benefits of truthful"
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y31.18a '... manthrascha gushta sasnaoscha"
"... listen to your manthras and teachings"
Here Zarathushtra wants "No adherent of the deceitful LISTEN TO YOUR MANTHRAS AND TEACHINGS"
Question: Who was the first to listen to Zarthushtra's teachings and manthras"?
Answer: The Gathas have lost the answer but the answer is saved in the Younger Avesta, in Fravardin Yasht, paragraph 95 (Yasht 13.95).
Answer: (From Fravardin Yasht, paragraph 95):
"Maidyoimaonghahe arstyehe ... yo paoriyo Zarathsushtrai manthemcha gsuta sasnaoscha"
"(The truthful) Maidyoimah s/o Araste was the very first to listen to the manthras and teachings of Zarathsuhtra"
Question: Was there any other man who listened to God's manthras and teachings?
Answer: Lost in the Gathas but we have an answer from the Fravadin Yasht paragraph 87: "Gaya Merethan (the first mortal) who first listened to God's manthras and teachings"
Please take a note that Gaya Merethen was never alluded as the messenger of God in the manner as the Prophet Zarathushtra is known (Please note here there is no question of Gaye Merethen listening to Zarthushtra's teachings and manthras which Zarathushtra heard from Ahura Mazda, because Gaya Merethan predates Zarathushtra but Gaya Merethan had listened to God.)
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y31.20 "long period of darkness, foul food and word 'woe' - to such an existence, your religious views will lead you, O deceitful ones, because of your actions"
Question: Are there any particular deceitful ones?
Answer: No answer is found but such answer is elaborated in the Vendidad Fragard 5, paragraph 62 "... the heretics because of their religious views and because of their actions will be lead to dark existence"
Further expansion of this Gathic idea is in Vendidad Fragard 7, paragraph 22: "O dceietful heretic ones, your actions and your religious view will lead you ultimately to worst existence"
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y32.2: "We choose your holy and good right-midedeness (Armaity). Let it be ours"
Further reflected in Yasna 12.2 "Let holy and good right-minedednes (Armaity) be mine"
Ahunvaiti Gatha 32.6; "hata-marane" = "You who remember" (this is about Ahura Mazda)
Further cited in Hormazd Yasht as Ahura Mazda's sixteenth name: "hata.marenis" = "He who remembers"
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y32.15: "The (truthful) will be cared by these two (integrity and immortality) in the house of good thought"
In Vendidad 3.29 and Vistasp Yasht 35 the same idea is alluded:
"He/she will be taken care of, by his/her attainment of good name"
(the good name comes from being righteous).
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y33.1 "the staightest action following the laws of first existence"
Question: Which are the laws of first existence?
Answer: Only found in the following Young Avestan Yasna 54.2, Yasna 55.6, Yasna 58.9, Yasna 59.33 and Yasna 71.18: "the strightest action" is "Stoat Yasnas and Stoat Yasnas are the laws of first existence"
Ahunavaiti Gatha: Y33.6: where Zarathushtra declares himself as a priest: 'ye zaota asha arezus'
(Zarathushtra) "As a leading priest strightforward in truth"
Zarathustra's priesthood is further confirmed in young Avesta "Khordad Yasht, paragarph 4 (Yasht 4,5)" "ye zaota Zarathushtro" = Zarathushtra who is the leading priest"
In Avesta "Zaota" = leading or first officiating priest, Pahlavi "Zot" (zwt), Gujerati "Joti"
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y33.7: "(O Mazda) with truth and good thoughts for which I (i.e. Zarathushtra) am heard far beyond the faithful offereres. Let the bright reverantial gifts be manifest among us"
The same idea is alluded in Vendidad 17.7 "O Zarathushtra, with truth and good thoughts you are heard far beyond"
Further in Pursishniha 36 "Let reverential gifts become evident to us" (Pursishniha is a Pahlavi book where questions are asked and answers are given).
Ahunavaiti Gatha: Y34.5 "... We have declared you (i.e. Ahura Mazda) to be superior to all 'daevas' (false gods), beasts, and (evil) mortals"
Further elaborated in Yasna 19.2 and Yasna 19.4: "Superior to sky, superior to water, superior to land, superior to fire, superior to righteous men, superior to evil men, superior to 'daevas' (false gods), beasts, and superior to all"
Note: Here Ahura Mazda is superior to all including righteous men, which is not alluded in the Gathas. It is definite that this expanded praise for Ahura Mazda is lost in the Gathas and found intact in non-Gathic Yasna.
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y34.7 "... In Truth, I do not know any other than you, so protect us"
In Non-Gathic Yasna 58,5 we find this idea expanded: "(O Ahura Mazda) You protect us, protect Amesha Spentas, protect good rulers"
When the Gathas say that "let good rulers rule over us" they do not specifically indicate male and female rulers, which is only alluded in Yasna Hapatanghaiti "Let good rulers, male and female rule over us." Even more of this is seen in the Younger Avesta Y58.5, where protection for such good rulers is requested.
Ahunavaiti Gatha, Y30.9: "Thus may we be those who make existence brilliant"
Ahunavaiti Gatha Y34.15: "Through your power make real existence brillaint in value"
Question 1: Who are "those"? Gathas do not elaborate.
Question 2: Is there anything else which will make existence brilliant in value. (Answer is lost in the Gathas)
Answer 1: (1) From Yasht 19.11 (Zamyad Yasht) "The victorious benefactors will make the existence brilliant"
(saoshyantam verethrajanem = victorious benefactors)
(2) From Yasht 13.9 (Fravadin Yasht): "The benefactors make existence brilliant"
(3) FromYasht 19.9 (Zamyad Yasht): The Amesha Spentas will give existence which is brilliant in value'
(Amesha Spenta are the six emanations of Ahura Mazda; and these are Good Thought (vohu manah), Truth (asha), Good Dominion (vohu xshthra), Holy Right Mindedness (spenta armaiti), Integrity (haurvatat) and Immortality (ameretat).
Answers 2: We find the answer to Question 2 in the Younger Avesta Non-Gathic Yasna 55.8: "Staota Yesniya which get the existence (which is) brilliant in value"
Explanation: Staota Yesniya (plural), the parts of Yasna liteurgy will also make the existence brilliant in value i.e. by constantly praying Staota Yesniya and following prophet's teachings
"Ferasha" = "brilliant" is the Gathic word. The Young Avesta word is 'Frasha' = "brilliant"
This idea of 'frasha' is very well depicted in Zamyad Yasht paragraph 10, "Ahura Mazda created the creatures, many and good, many and wonderful, many and brilliant (frasha), many and bright" (see Humbach-Ichaporia "Zamyad Yasht", 1998)
In Vendidad Fragard 1 and Paragraph 20, "frasha = brilliant" is said of places "lands and regions, beautiful, deep, esteemed, brilliant and bright"
Above are the citations from Ahunavaiti Gatha elaborated, and expanded in the Younger Avesta. We will explore the remaining Gathas from time to time to show you, dear readers the real value of our Young Avestan Scriptures which include non-Gathic parts of Yasna, the Yashts, Vispered, Vendidad, Niyaeshes and Avestan fragments.
(All the Gathic translations are from Humbach-Ichaporia, "The Heritage of Zarathushtra, A New Translation of His Gathas, Heidelberg University, 1994, (Second edition in the Press).
Translation from Zamyad Yasht is from - Humbach-Ichaporia, "Zamyad Yasht, Yasht 19 of Young Avesta, Text, Translation and Commentary, Harrassowitz, 1998.)
The Continuum of Gathic Teachings in the Younger Avesta - Part II
Dear members:
We will now examine the teachings of Ushtavaiti Gatha and its continuum in the Younger Avesta and the Pahlvi texts.
Ushtavaiti Gatha 43.2
... vangheus mayao manangho
THE BLESSINGS OF GOOD THOUGHT
Non-Gathic Yasna 10.12
... te baeshaza irrathare vangheus
THY REMEDIES ARE LINKED WITH THE BLESSINGS OF GOOD THOUGHT
Ushtavaiti Gatha Y43.7
hyat ma vohu pairi jasat manangha
WHEN ONE ATTENDS ME WITH GOOD THOUGHT
(here 'me' is Ahura Mazda)
Non-Gathic Yasna 60.12 (also Hoshbam prayer)
daresame thava pairi thava jamyama
WE WISH TO SEE YOU AND WE WOULD LIKE TO ATTEND YOU
(here "you" is for Ahura Mazda)
Ushtavaiti Gatha Y43.8
...thava ... staomi ... ufiacha
I PRAISE AND EXTOL THEE
Non-Gathic Yasna 17.18
staomi zbayemi ufiemi
I PRAISE, CALL AND EXTOL (Thee)
Fravardin Yasht 13.15
ko no stavat ko yazayte ko ufiat
WHO WILL PRAISE, WHO WILL WORSHIP, WHO WILL EXTOL?
Ushtavaiti Gatha 44.3
ke ya mao uxshyeiti nerefsaitti thavat
THROUGH WHOM THE MOON WAXES AND WANES?
Meher Yasht 7.2 (in detail)
kat mao uxshyeiti, kat mao nerefsaitti, panchadasa mao uxshyeiti, panchadasa mao nerefsaitti
HOW LONG THE MOON WAXES? HOW LONG MOON WANES? FIFTEEN (DAYS) MOON
WAXES, FIFTEEN (DAYS) MOON WANES.
Ushtavaiti Gatha 44.10
tam daenam ya hatam vahista
THAT RELIGION (OR RELIGIOUS VIEW) WHICH IS THE BEST FOR THOSE WHO EXIST
Reinterpretation in Fravardin Yasht 13.91
daenayai yat haitinam vahistayai
THE RELIGION (OR RELIGIOUS VIEW) WHICH IS THE BEST AMONG THE EXISTING (RELIGIONS OR RELIGIOUS VIEWS)
Ushtavaiti Gatha Y44.13
katha drujem nisa ahmat nish nasma
HOW CAN WE DRIVE DECEIT OUT OF OURSELVES?
We do not find any answers in the Gathas to above question, but the answers are preserved in the Younger Avesta - Non-Gathic Yasna 61,5
katha drujem nis ahmat nasma
HOW CAN WE DRIVE DECEIT OUT OF OURSELVES?
nish nashama saoshyanto drujem
WE CAN DRIVE (DECEIT) OUT, BY ACTING AS A BENEFACTOR
katha nish.nashma
HOW CAN WE DRIVE (IT) OUT (AS A BENEFACTOR)?
yatha him janama... vishpaish hacha karshvan yais hapta
BY CASTING OUT OF ALL THE SEVEN CONTINENTS
Further answer is given in Zamyad Yasht 19,12
nish tat paiti druxsj nashaite yadhat aivi chit jagamat
DECEIT WILL BE DRIVEN OUT TO THAT PLACE FROM WHERE IT ORIGINALLY COME FROM
We may ask: Which is "that place". The answer is lost in the extant Gathas as well in the entire extant Avesta, but is preserved in the Pahlavi Bundahishn:
"DECECIT WILL BE FINALLY DRIVEN OUT TO THE PLACE FROM WHERE IT HAS ORIGINATED, WHICH IS THE DARK ABYSMAL ABODE OF AHRIMAN (ANGRA MAINYU)".
Ushtavaiti Gatha Y43.3
at hvo vengheus vahyona na aibi jamyat
MAY THAT MAN ATTAIN BETTER THAN GOOD
Non-Gathic Yasna 59.31
jamyat vo vanghaot vanghu
MAY YOU ATTAIN BETTER THAN GOOD
Ushtavaiti Gatha 45.7
yehya sava ishaonti radangho
(The truthful one) WHOSE BENEFITS THE BOUNTEOUS ONES IMPLEMENT
Non-Gothic Yeans 7.24
ashy no patio jam at yeshiva save shanty fandango
WITH TRUTH WE APPROACH ONE WHOSE BENEFITS BOUNTEOUS ONES IMPLEMENT
This interesting Gathic idea is seen in Visperad 18.2
vispayumcha ushtatateim yazamaide, ya narsh sadra dravato
BOUNTEOUS BENEFITS ARE REVERED, (BUT) WHICH ARE 'WOES' FOR HERETICS
Note: The religion of Zarathushtra has survived three millennia and none has ever succeeded in subverting it. Two powerful heretics Mazdak and Mani have come and gone but Zoroastrianism is still the living religion. It has survived and will survive by its inheritant strength. Even the accursed Alexander could not destroy it and has met his doom. Similarly marauding Arabs could not demolish it.
We have shown that the whole corpus of Avesta together with the Gathas reflect the teachings of our Prophet Zarathushtra and those who advocate discarding the Younger Avesta do not know what they are talking about.
"FRAJAFT PAD DARUD UD SHATIH UD RAMISHNIH"
"Ending with tranquility, and joy and in peace"
The Continuum of Gathic Teachings in the Younger Avesta and Pahlavi Texts - Part III
Dear respected members: Here are the teachings from Spentamainyu Gatha being continued in the Young Avesta and Pahlavi Literature
Spentamainyu Gatha Y47,2
hizwa uxdhaish vangheus eeanu manangho
armatoish zastoibya shyaothana verezyat
oya chisti hwao pata ashaya mazdao
The actions of right-mindedness (performed) with hands
and (inspired) by the utterances of tongue in pursuit of good thought,
one performs with realization that, "He, Mazda is the father of truth"
The above Gathic teaching is expanded in Pursishniha 28 - (the Pahlavi part is in the bracket)
mananghascha (a)humaiti hizwascha
huxta zastayascha varshti arthuyo.varshti
(fraron kunishn varzet ohrmazd nazdikih i o tan i mardom)
On account of good thinking of mind, on account
of good utterance of tongue, on account of good actions of hand
(one practices upright deeds with realization that Ohrmazd is near to the body of man)
Spentamainyu Gatha Y47,4
kaseushchit na ashaune kathe anghat
A man of even little means shall behave kindly to the truthful one.
Same teaching is continued in Vendidad 18,34
na kasvikamchina ... naire ashaone
A man of little means will behave kindly to the truthful men
Spentamainyu Gatha Y48,1
asha drujem venghaiti
Truth can defeat deceit
Same thought is reflected in:
Non-Gathic Yasna 80,5
vainit ... asha drujem
Truth will defeat deceit
and in the Zamyad Yasht (Yasht 19,95)
vanat asha akam drujim
Truth will overcome evil deceit
Spentamainyu Gatha Y48,2
kat ashva venghat dregvantem
Will the truthful one defeat the deceitful one?
(No answer)
Hormazd Yasht (Yt 1,2 asks the same question and gives the answer
kat ashva mazda vanat dregvantem
Will the truthful one defeat the deceitful one?
ashava vanat drujim
Truthful will defeat deceit
ashava vanat dravatem
Truthful one will defeat the deceitful one
Spentamainyu Gatha Y48,5
yaozdao mashyai aipi zathem vahishta
The best (insight) which purifies progeny for mankind
This Gathic thought is explained in non-Gathic Yasna 65.2 (= Ardui Sur Yasht - Yasht 5,2)
ya vispanam hairishinam zathai garetha yaozdaiti
ya vispao hairishish huzamito dadhiti
(Ahura Mazda) purifies the wombs of all females for birth and makes all females bring forth well
This is continued and explained in depth in Visperad 5,21
'yaozdao mashyai aipi zathem vahishta'
haa yaozdao ... ya daena mazdayasnish
yo hawam daenam ya yaozdaite humataishcha huxtaishcha hwarshtaishcha
yo hwam anghvham yaozdaite
'The best (insight) which purifies progeny for mankind'
same as this (our) Mazdayasni religion is purifying him who purifies
his own religious views with good thoughts, good words and good deeds,
who then purifies his own vital energy (life).
Spentamainyu Gatha Y 49,3
antare vispeng dregwato haxmeng (antare) mruye
I banish all the deceitful from amongst our fellowship.
Non-Gathic Yasna 19,15
antarecha drawantam amruta
From amongst us the deceitful are banished
Spentamainyu Gatha Y 48,6
at akhyai asha mazdao vakshat
Mazda shall make the plants grow for her (cow) with truth
Vendidad 11,6 and 17,5 and Frahang-i Oim 4d, reflect the same Gathic thought
asha mazdao urvarao vaxshat
Mazda makes the plants grow with truth
Spentamainyu Gatha Y48,7
asha vyam yehya hithaush na spento
Let him whose partner is the holy man be protected by truth
(vyam = protection)
Question arises: Who will be protecting the unborn in mother's womb?
No answer is found in the Gathas
Answer is given in the Fravardin Yasht (Yt 13,11)
vidharaem ... barethrishwa puthra paiti-vereta apara.irithanto aa
datat vidhataot vyahwa urwat.chaem asticha gaonacha dravadhacha
uruthvascha paidyaoscha frawaxshaoshcha ...
In pregnant women I (Ahura Mazda) protect (= vyahwa) the conceived children, not dying till (fixed time) of delivery; in their wombs I (Ahura Mazda) put together bones, and hair etc.
Spentamainyu Gatha Y49,3
The first sentence needs complete understanding because here, ahmai varenai = 'this belief, this orthodoxy of ours' is opposed to takaeshai ... druxsh = false doctrine, heresy
This is further explained in detail in non-Gathic Yasna 12,7: (known as the confession of Faith)
ya varaano aas zarathushtro ... ta varenacha tkaeshacha mazdayasno ahmi
Of this orthodoxy of our belief, which was of Zarathushtra, through that belief and doctrine I am a Mazdayasnian
Spentamainyu Gatha Y49,7
ke xvaetush dataishh anghat ye verezanai vanghvhim dat frasastim
Which family will be there who by following your (i.e. Ahura Mazda's)
laws will give the community a good reputation
This thought is reflected in Drvasp (Gosh) Yasht - Yasht 9,26 about Hutosa, (Hutoxi) wife of Kavi Vishtaspa
hutaosam ... ya me varezanai vnaghvhim dat frasastim
Hutosa, will give a good reputation to my community
Spentamainyu Gatha Y49,11
drujo demane haithya anghen astayo
They (deceitful) will be real guests in the house of deceit (i.e. hell)
This is echoed in Vendidad 6,108 and 14,18
drujo nmane haithya anghen astayo
They (deceitful) will be real guests in the house of deceit (i.e. hell)
Spentamainyu Gatha Y50,5
aroi zi xshma mazdao asha ahura
aibi dareshta awishya awangha
Since you delight through truth, O Ahura Mazda with visible and manifest help
This is continued in Fravardin Yasht (Yasht 13,146)
tao no ... thrayente aivi dareshtaish awabish
They (i.e. fravashis) protect us with visible help
Spentamainyu Gatha Y50,6
ye mathra vachem mazda baraiti
The manthra-keeper who raises his voice in reverence
This is continued in Meher Yasht (Yt 10,85)
yatchit nemangha vachim baraiti
Be it that (a man) who raises his voice with reverence
The Continuum of Gathic Teachings in the Younger Avesta and Pahlavi Texts - Part IV
Vohuxshthra Gatha 51,11 asks a Question:
'ke urvatha sptamai'
Who is the man (who can be an ally) of Spitaman (Zarathushtra)?
The non-Gathic Yasna Y19.14 privides the answer:
"drigubyo vastarem cheenastee
yatha urwathem spitamai'
He who is the shepherd to the poor, that (man) is the ally of Spitama (Zarathushtra)
This is further elaborated in Yatha Ahu Viryo
Vohuxshthra Gatha Y51,13
'yehaya urwa xraodaiti chinwato peretao akao
xvaish shyaothanaish hizwascha ashahya naswao patho'
His soul facing (him) at the Account Keepers' Bridge (chinwato pereta)
will make him tremble for he has strayed from the path of truth
by his own actions and those of his tongue
This is echoed in Vendidad 5,4
'jit ashem xraodat urwa pesotanus frena'
Truth will make the living soul of sinful tremble
Furthermore Meher Yasht Yt 10,86 enlarges this Gathic thought
'mithro ... fraourvaesayaith ashahe paiti pantam'
Meher (yazata) will take us back on the path of truth
Vohuxshthra Gatha Y51,15
'garo demane ahura mazdao jasat pouruyo'
In the House of Song (paradise), Ahura Mazda, the Primal One, comes to the faithful
In Ardui Sur Banoo Nyaish - Ny 4,8 and Vishtasp Yasht, 39 - same Gathic thought is reflected
'garo nmane ahuro mazdao jasat paoriyo'
In the House of Song (paradise), Ahura Mazda comes to the faithful
Vohuxshthra Gatha Y51,22
'yehya moi ashat hacha vahistem yesne paiti
vaeda mazdao ahuro yoi aonghrecha henticha
ta yazai xvaish namenish pairicha jasai vanta'
Mazda Ahura knows the person whose best attitude is seen by me (i.e.Zarathushtra) at worship, in accordance with truth. Those who have existed and exist, I will worship with such my own people by calling their names, and I will approach them with affection.
The above Gathic verse served as the basis for archaic Young Avesta; Yenghe Hatam Y27,15 prayer
Visperad 13,6 also shows this Gathic thought:
'yaesham no ahuro mazdao ashawa
yesne paiti vangho vaedha
aesham zarathushtro anghu(sh)cha ratuscha'
We whose better (accomlishments) the truthful Ahura Mazda
knows, to be displayed at worship, (as) our Lord and RATU is Zarathushtra |
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